What is a variable ratio reward schedule?

• A. It rewards after a specific number of correct responses.
• B. It rewards on a random basis so you cannot predict when the reward will occur.
• C. It rewards after a fixed period of time.
• D. It rewards after every correct response.

Answer: (B)

Variable ratio reinforcement delivers a reward after a changing number of responses, with no predictable pattern. Because the next reward could come at any attempt, the behavior is kept at a high, steady level and is very resistant to stopping when rewards become less frequent. This differs from a fixed ratio schedule, where rewards come after a set number of responses; a fixed interval schedule, where rewards come after a specific amount of time; and continuous reinforcement, where every correct response is rewarded. In training, varying the number of responses before a reward helps maintain motivation and persistence in the task.